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・ Closed loop communication
・ Closed loop manufacturing
・ Closed manifold
・ Closed Mondays
・ Closed monoidal category
・ Closed on Account of Rabies
・ Closed platform
・ Closed position
・ Closed railway stations in Western Australia
・ Closed range theorem
・ Closed schools in the Northland Region
・ Closed session of the United States Congress
・ Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives
・ Closed sessions of the United States Senate
・ Closed set
Closed shop
・ Closed subgroup theorem
・ Closed subscriber group
・ Closed system
・ Closed system (control theory)
・ Closed system drug transfer device
・ Closed testing procedure
・ Closed timelike curve
・ Closed User Group
・ Closed wing
・ Closed-cell PVC foamboard
・ Closed-circuit
・ Closed-circuit radio
・ Closed-circuit television
・ Closed-circuit television camera


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Closed shop : ウィキペディア英語版
Closed shop

A pre-entry closed shop is a form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times in order to remain employed. This is different from a post-entry closed shop (US: union shop), which is an agreement requiring all employees to join the union if they are not already members.〔http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/SWEDEN/ANCHOR-ORGANISATIONSKLAUSUL-SE.htm〕 In a union shop, the union must accept as a member any person hired by the employer.〔Pynes, Joan. ''Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations.'' 2d ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. ISBN 0-7879-7078-6〕
International Labour Organization covenants do not address the legality of closed shop provisions, leaving the question up to each individual nation.〔("Case(s) No(s). 188, Report No. 34 (Denmark): Complaints against the Government of Denmark presented by Swiss Printing Workers' Union and the Swiss Federation of National Christian Trade Unions." ) Document No. 031960034188. Cases of the Committee on Freedom of Association. International Labor Organization. March 4, 1959.〕 The legal status of closed shop agreements varies widely from country to country, ranging from bans on the agreement to extensive regulation of the agreement to not mentioning it at all.
==Legal status==


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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